Community Service Argument Essay

Network Service Argument Green Bay High Schools are being confronted with an exceptionally disputable issue, which rotates around whether network administration hours are expected to graduate. Secondary schools are contending that 24 hours of network administration are expected to move on from their office of learning, however many disappointed understudies are voicing fights to this interest. This circumstance has caused a lot of discussion among the educational system and numerous contentions have ascended in help and against this network administration issue. Supporters of the network administration venture contend that if understudies satisfy their 24 hours of network administration in secondary school they will form into upstanding mainstays of the network. They accept that understudies will turn out to be better mindful of what this present reality resembles by doing network administration and offering back to their locale. Understudies will learn important life exercises by taking an interest in network administration and will like themselves for helping other people out of luck. Protestors have hit back with an exceptionally strong contention. They feel that if secondary school understudies are compelled to do network administration they will start to consider it to be a discipline and as something that they need to do on the grounds that it is required as opposed to something that they need to do in light of the fact that it is the correct activity. Understudies will later on glance back at the network administration extends that th ey had to do all through secondary school and will keep on conveying a negative attitude toward network administration for the sum of their lifetime. Another thought that the protestors give about this network administration issue is time imperatives will make it near incomprehensible for secondary school understudies to fill the fundamental 24 hours expected to graduate. Secondary school understudies have a colossal measure of things going on in their lives. They go to class day by day for 7 hours, take an interest in extra-curricular exercises, and have low maintenance occupations. Secondary school understudies have such a constrained measure of time for themselves, as it is that by attaching some other tedious task like network administration is silly. Supporters contend back that secondary school understudies just need to satisfy 24 hours of network administration all through 4 years, that truly isn’t soliciting a ton from time duty. On the off chance that understudies financial plan their time and start the network administration when they are a rookie all they have to do is an hour each other week and they will even n ow be doneâ with every year or so to save. A last questionable issue that springs up is transportation. The protestors contend that first year recruit and sophomores in secondary school don't have their driver’s permit, so how are they expected to get to their locale administration site when their folks or companions are grinding away or just to occupied to give them a ride. Except if the school offers a methods for transportation for the understudies there truly is no answer for this issue. The supporters contend that understudies can discover network administration extends near and dear or on the off chance that they live in the nation discover another understudy to vehicle pool with. Constraining understudies to finish 24 hours of network administration in secondary school so as to graduate is an exceptionally dubious issue. The two sides have strong contentions concerning why network administration ought to or ought not be constrained upon understudies. Network administration is an awesome thing that everybody ought to be required to do sooner or later in their life, yet are secondary school understudies adult and mindful enough to take on network administration ventures at this phase in their life?

China: Threat or Friend? Essay -- Economics

China: Threat or Friend? In the event that you input â€Å"China’s GDP† by utilizing a Google search, the principal result hops at you ought to be an outline introduced by World Bank, which shows how drastically the economy has developed in China from 0.10 trillion dollars in the year 1960 to 5.93 trillion out of 2010. As Professor Stephen S. Insect wrote in his article ‘10 reasons why China is different’, China’s economy has made an advancement for sure because of its colossal changes and unremitting endeavors among: â€Å"strategy, duty, fortitude to convey, sparing, country urban movement, utilization, administrations, outside direct venture, training and development. †Ã¯ ¼Ë†Stephen S. Cockroach ï ¼Å"10 reasons why china is distinctive ï ¼â€°So numerous cases represented how China’s huge effects in local as well as on universe. By concentrating on its overall impacts, one evidential model in residential was Lenovo bought the goliath IBM’s PC branch in the year 2005. With the finish of the 1.75 billion bill, which was required to occur before the finish of the subsequent quarter, June 30, 2005, made Lenovo become an a lot bigger organization and had more than quadrupled of its yearly income. â€Å"The organization, which possessed just shy of $3 billion in yearly income before the procurement, presently has yearly income of around $13 billion and is the world's third-biggest PC seller, behind Dell and Hewlett-Packard.†(Sumner Lemon, IDG News) Lenovo, as an indigenous PC venture in terrain of China, was right off the bat consolidated in Hong Kong in the year 1988. It used to be a minuscule PC maker and increased little impact in its market. In the wake of growing its regions, Lenovo has become a global innovation organization as a technologic legend in China. Its items incorporate PC... ...â€Å"Chindia-Threat or Opportunity† New Presence: The Prague Journal of Central European Affairs, Winter2010, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p47-50. Financial specialist, 6/26/2004, Vol. 371 Issue 8381, p44-45. Edward, Friedman and Barrett, McCormick, What If China Doesn't Democratize?(Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2000). Dwindle Hays Gries, China's New Nationalism (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004). David M. Lampton, Same Bed, Different Dreams: Managing U.S.- China Relations: 1989-2000 (Berkeley, CA: California University Press, 2001). Robert ,Sutter, China's Rise in Asia: Promises and Perils (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005). Ming, Xia. â€Å"China danger or a serene ascent of China†, The New York Times, March, 2006.Web. Wikipedia, List of Countries by GDP (ostensible) per capita. World Economic Outlook Database-April 2012, International Monetary Fund. 18 April 2012.

Fantasy Publishers Who Want Your Manuscript (No Agent Required)

Fantasy Publishers Who Want Your Manuscript (No Agent Required) Authors of science fiction and fantasy, both aspiring and previously published, can submit work to a number of publishing companies that will consider unsolicited manuscripts. While most of these companies are smaller independent firms, a few are imprints of major players in the publishing industry. Whatever the case, these are reputable companies who provide authors with legitimate opportunities to have their work released. The odds for acceptance can, of course, be daunting due to the enormous volume of submissions all around, but these publishers will follow through with the authors they accept.These companies provide full-service publishingâ€"marketing, distribution, sales, etc. They produce in-print and electronic formats, and some also offer their titles as audiobooks. All have helpful websites with clear submission guidelines.I have listed below most of the prominent companies that accept unsolicited works of science fiction and fantasy. The publishers are listed in alphabetic al order and their respective websites are provided. It is important to note that there are undoubtedly other publishers who provide similar services, but these are among the best. Moreover, because a number of publishers who have offered these services in the past are not currently accepting unsolicited submissions, or have in fact completely discontinued accepting unsolicited work, it follows that I have not included them in this list.There are multiple fantasy publishers who will consider your work for publication, no agent required! Photo by Johannes Plenio on Unsplash.BaenBaen Books is a long-time publisher of science fiction and fantasy works, releasing titles in hard copy and electronic format. The company prefers manuscripts with 100,000-130,000 words, but will make the occasional exception for shorter works of exceptional quality. Baen does not require queries, preferring instead to receive full-length manuscripts with synopses included. It should be noted, though, that the wait time for a response is longer than would be expected at most other publishers, stretching to as much as a year. With editorial offices located in Wake Forest, North Carolina, Baen is distributed by Simon Schuster in both the U.S. and Canada.DAW BooksDAW Books, an imprint of Penguin, is a distinguished publisher of science fiction and fantasy. When the company was founded by Donald and Elsie Wollheim in 1971, it was the first publisher committed solely to the genres. Many acclaimed authors of science fiction and fantasy enjoyed initial success as writers for DAW. The company is also proud of its comprehensive record of diversity, welcoming and publishing works from and about minorities, LGBTQIA, etc. DAW reviews only full-length manuscripts, almost always with a minimum of 80,000 words. The submissions must be exclusive, although that stipulation may be dropped if specific negotiations have been completed with a literary agent, or if the manuscript review lasts longer than thr ee months.EdgeBased in Calgary, Canada, Edge Science Fiction and Fantasy Publishing specializes in publishing full-length manuscripts, as well as anthologies and collections. The company releases titles in paperback and e-book formats only. It has a large roster of authors, many of whom have been grant and award winners or nominees. The company requires that submissions number between 75,000 and 100,000 words, and it will not consider any submission that includes more than three sample chapters. Response time can be as long as three months.Immanion PressImmanion Press is looking for new works of science fiction and fantasy from both aspiring and published writers. The company was established in 2003 and is located in Stafford, UK. To be considered, manuscripts must number between 50,000 and 120,000 words. Immanion prefers that submissions are sent electronically and that no more than 30 pages of text are sent initially.Jo Fletcher BooksLocated in London, UK, Jo Fletcher Books publis hes in a number of genres, but will accept unsolicited submissions only in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, and horror. While not one of the largest publishers in these genres, the company nonetheless boasts a strong roster of writers, many of whom are award winners. Released in hard copy and as e-books, some of the titles are also available as audiobooks. Submissions will be accepted by email only and must not be more than 10,000 words or the first three chapters of a book.Jolly Fish PressLocated in Mendota Heights, Minnesota, Jolly Fish Press was founded in 2011 and became an imprint of North Star Editions in 2016. The company publishes primarily in paperback and e-book formats. It specializes solely in middle-school and young adult books, and science fiction is among the genres that it accepts. Submissions must be sent electronically and must include three chapters of the book plus a concise synopsis.Literary WanderlustLiterary Wanderlust was founded in 2014 and is located in Denver, Colorado. The company publishes works in several genres and most full-length manuscripts must range between 65,000 and 100,00 words. However, any science fiction or fantasy that might interest the publisher will only be reviewed if the manuscripts are somewhat longer. There are no length restrictions for non-fiction and short stories.Montag Press CollectiveLocated in San Francisco, California, Montag Press publishes novels and plays in a comprehensive variety of fiction genres, including science fiction and fantasy. The company releases its works primarily in paperback and e-book formats. Montag will only consider completed, full-length mauscripts, with novels numbering at least 70,000 words and plays numbering between 90 and 140 pages. All submissions must include a full synopsis of the work.Polis BooksFounded in 2013 by Jason Pinter, a veteran publishing-industry professional, and located in New York City, Polis Books is an independent publisher that releases new works in a variety of genres, including science fiction and fantasy. Because the company receives an inordinately large amount of submissions it limits its responses only to those queries that generate significant interest. Submissions should include three chapters from the novel. Polis publishes in both hard copy and digital formats and is distributed by Publishers Group West, the largest distributor for independent publishers in the U.S.Quirk BooksQuirk Books, founded in 2002, is a boutique publisher that releases only 25 books per year, both in hard copy and digitally. Located in Philadelphia, the company publishes works in several different genres, including science fiction. It will consider digital inquiries only and does not specify in its submission guidelines a range for the number of words in manuscripts that it accepts.Stairway PressStairway Press is an independent publisher located in Apache Junction, Arizona. The company seeks quality manuscripts in several genres, including science fiction. Although it is a full-service company like the other indie publishers, Stairway asks aspiring authors to submit manuscripts with an accompanying marketing plan. The company does not place a limit on the number of words in a submission.Talos PressTalos Press, an imprint of Skyhorse Publishing, specializes in science fiction, fantasy, and horror. Founded in 2013 and located in New York City, a number of its authors have written best sellers or been considered for Nebula Awards. Although the company requires only one or two chapters in initial submissions, authors must be prepared to send a completed manuscript if Talos contacts them for follow-up. Response time is generally four to six weeks if the company is interested in an author.Tartarus PressOn its website, Tartarus Press does not mention science fiction as one of the specific genres that it publishes. The company does however release titles in related genres, such supernatural and horror, and is looking for manu scripts of 75,000-120,000 words. Submissions can be sent electronically or by regular mail and should not exceed three chapters of a novel.Tell-Tale PublishingFounded in 2009 and located in the small town of Swartz Creek, Michigan, Tell-Publishing publishes works of fiction, including science fiction and fantasy, under several imprints. The company releases titles in print, e-book, and audiobook formats. Tell-Tale has a full page on its website that contains explicit instructions on how to ensure proper grammar and punctuation in any submission. Authors are also required to fill out a submission form and must not initially send more than three chapters of a book.The Parliament HouseBased in south Florida, The Parliament House was founded in 2016 by Shayne Leighton, a marketing professional and former best-selling author on Amazon. The company specializes in quirky, cutting-edge fantasy and will consider manuscripts only if they have already been meticulously edited and are between 5 0,000 and 140,000 words. Submissions must include the first three chapters of the novel and everything must be printed in the body of an email that includes no attachments.

Randomized Control Trial Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Randomized Control Trial (RCT) is recognized widely as the best way of making a comparison between the different modes of treatment and how effective they are. Therefore, I am not of the opinion that the results of the Random Control Trial conducted by Ebenbichler et al are the only method of deriving information about the particular intervention. Several trials and research have found that there are other viable methods of managing Calcific Tendinitis that can lead to healing (Maxwell 1992, p. 421). Additionally, other research methods might have glaring differences that suggest different hypotheses and therefore without the application of the meticulous criteria set by RCT, the degree of certainty of an outcome can be limited. The results are influenced by either an over or underestimated the relationship between the intervention and the condition being studied. It is important to note that Randomized Control Trials may at times be biased if poorly performed, and have deficiencies in the report it gives. The discrepancy that may be found in different aspects of the study that should be reported and those that are reported should be known (Begg et al 1996, p. 637) thereby requiring readers to make a judgment based on what has already been reported and are in the domain of the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Randomized Control Trial or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now I think one obvious inadequacy of the research carried out by Ebenbichler et al (1999) is that they fail to specify the type of randomization they adopted for their study and how they have narrowed down to the seventy trialists. The researchers state that they enrolled seventy patients of whom sixty-three participated in the study. There were thirty-two shoulders that participated in the genuine ultrasound treatment and twenty-nine in the fake ultrasound treatment out of the sixty-one that completed the study. The simple randomization that Ebenbichler et al have adopted is less reliable as compared to the stratified randomization that looks appropriate in such circumstances where there may be variables. This method follows the fundamental principle of randomization in which every individual has the same chance of being allocated into the groups.

ESL Curriculum Planning for Teaching English

This curriculum plan for non-trained teachers of ESL/EFL focuses on building a program for your class or private students. The first part focuses on the basics of ESL. There are a few important aspects to always keep in mind while developing any curriculum, be it only a few lessons or a full course: Language skills need to be recycled many times before they are actively acquired.All language skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) should be involved in the learning process.Understanding grammar rules does not necessarily mean that a student can use that grammar, as students need to actively practice skills they are learning. Language Recycling An acquired language needs to be repeated in a various number of guises before it can be actively used by the student. Studies have shown that new linguistic functions need to be repeated at least six times before most learners can consider the new piece of language theirs. After six repetitions, the newly-acquired language skills are usually still only passively activated. The learner will require more repetitions before he or she will be able to use the skills actively in everyday conversation. Here is an example of language recycling using the present simple: Work on the present simple rules.Read an article about the daily routines of someone.Listen to someone who describes his or her daily tasks.Have a discussion asking him or her to describe what he or she does on a daily basis. Use All Four Skills Employing all four linguistic skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) when working through a lesson will help you recycle language during the lesson. Learning rules are important, but, in my opinion, practicing the language is even more important. Bringing all these aspects into a lesson will add variety to the lesson and help the learner pragmatically practice the language. Ive met many learners who can knock off a grammar sheet without a mistake and then  when asked, Could you describe your sister? they have problems. This is generally due to the emphasis in many school systems for learning grammar. Putting It All Together So, now you understand the basic tenets of teaching English effectively. You might be asking yourself the question what do I teach? When planning a course, most coursebooks build their curriculum around certain themes that help glue everything together. While this can be rather complicated, I would like to provide a simple example that develops the present simple and past simple. Use this type of outline to build your lesson and remember to provide a number of elements, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking. You will find that your lessons have a  purpose and specific objectives which are clearly definable, like helping you and your learners recognize the progress you are making. Who are you? What do you do? (Daily routines)A present simple example: What do you do? I work at Smiths. I get up at seven, etc.To be present example: Im married. Shes thirty-four.Descriptive adjectives example: I am tall. He is short.Tell me about your past. Where did you go on your last holiday?A past simple example: Where did you go on holiday when you were a child?To be past example: The weather was fantastic.Irregular verbs example: Go — went; Shine — shone Finally, the lesson generally will be divided into three principal sections. Introduction:  Introducing or reviewing grammar or function.Development: Taking that grammar and working on it in reading, listening, and other forms. This section should make up the bulk of your lesson and include a number of different activities, if possible.​Review: Review the principle concepts covered during the lesson. This can be very straightforward and either student or teacher-led, depending on the level of your learners.

What You Dont Know About The Benefits of Essay Samples Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

What You Don't Know About The Benefits of Essay Samples Could Be Costing to More Than You Think To summarize, since you can observe the benefits are extremely clear. Medicine, particularly, is among the spheres that's changing in a manner that puts a premium on communication skills (Back et al. 2009). The end result was a drop in the unemployment rate, what's more, an increased volume of money was being made which led to a growth in spending throughout the country. There are different types of evaluation essays and you ought to bear in mind that each one of them have differences based on the objective of their creation. Once a person feels stuck or can't get a remedy to a specific problem, walking is helpful accelerating the creation of numerous creative responses. The variations of productive things cause differences in price in various nations and the price differences are the principal cause of global trade. Templates like Descriptive Essay about Office can be beneficial for someone who's planning to stop by an office. Descriptive Essay on Market can be employed by tourists or visitors that don't have any prior understanding of a marketplace. The majority of the moment, expository essays are presented by offering a selection of topics and methods to bring up the idea. the Benefits of Essay Samples at a Glance There are several methods about how to compose an expository essay. An essay outline sample provides ideas about how to produce your own outline and is very useful if it's in the exact same subject as your assignment. You'll observe a similar structure in a lot of the essays. To demonstrate how to compose an essay outline, here is a good example of the format. An essay is going to be structured and well written only in case you prepare a great outline for it. It is the most important part of a college appllication, see sample essays perfect for applying to schools in the US. Stephen's essay is quite effective. A persuasive essay is among the most difficult kinds of essays to write. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. The principal point to be mindful about in personal descriptive essay is that there shouldn't be any over-exaggeration. The first thing which you have to do when writing an evaluation essay is to be knowledgeable concerning the topic you will write about. You ought to know that scholarship essay is very important. Therefore, should you want to examine some remarkable papers before starting to work all on your own, read some of the usual application essay samples. When it is possible read the papers of the prior winners. A Startling Fact about the Benefits of Essay Samples Uncovered Therefore, there are numerous advantages of being a true twin. Somebody needs different kinds of food to be healthy. He has a variety of healthy foods he or she can eat to remain healthy. He can eat healthy just by watching the amount of certain foods he or she take in and the types of foods a person eats. The Hidden Truth About the Benefits of Essay Samples Yes, if you prefer to file your essay on time the samples on the online source are prepared to aid you in how to write it in right structure and superior content. On-line shopping also brings a great deal of convenience and saving customer times. The net has come with a lot of advantages and features to use. It is the most useful tools in the present century because of its numerous benefits. Then only you are able to find the samples free of charge. In addition, if you turn to the net for writing tips, be ready to spend a massive chunk of time sifting through information to discover a reliable source. In general, the content has a good flow, and the entire paper is simple to read. Though a good solution for one-on-one time, it can likewise be a costly choice. It's possible to discover online writing workshops that cover every component of writing, for each and every skill level. Essay writing provides lots of benefits to students in the academe. For each notion, the author provides intricate clarifications. Public speaking isn't as simple as it seems.

Implementation of Linear Programming Problem Optimization of Bicycle

Questions : 1. The general manager of bicycle manufacturing company would like to find out how many bicycles and scooters that the production department can build next month. The decision making is based on the following information below. The production of each bicycle consumes 20 days of labour and $1000 of materials. The production of each scooter consumes 50 days of labour and $1500 of materials. Each bicycle brings $800 profit to the company, while each scooter brings $1200 profit to the company. The company has a capacity of 3000 working days per month, and the budget for the materials is $250000 per month. The sales department requires that at least 50 units of bicycles and 20 units of scooters be produced per month. 2. Explain the main difference between big data and big data analytics. Give a real life example on how big data can be useful for supporting business operations.3. What is the importance of a collaborative technology? Provide the name of a software that is used for collaboration and discuss how this technology is used. Answers : 1. Since, the general manager of bicycle manufacturing company would like to find out how many bicycles and scooters that the production department can build next month to attain maximum profit; here the decision variables are number of bicycle (X1) and number of scooters (X2). As the profit from one unit of bicycle is $800 and profit from one unit of scooter is $1200, here the objective function will be Max Z = 800 *X1 + 1200 * X2 There were labour constraint, material constraint and production unit constraints as follows: Labour constraint: 20 * X1 + 50 * X2 3000 Material constraint: 1000 * X1 + 1500 * X2 250000 Production constraints: X1 50 X2 20 Non negativity constraints; X1, X2 0 Thus the LP problem looks like: Max Z = 800 *X1 + 1200 * X2 Subject to, 20 * X1 + 50 * X2 3000 1000 * X1 + 1500 * X2 250000 X1 50 X2 20 And X1, X2 0 Using Microsoft Excel solver, the LP is solved. The details of the solution are given as below: Mathematical model for solving LP: Variables X1 X2 Coefficients 800 1200 Solutions 100 20 Z 104000 Cons1 20 50 3000 Cons2 1000 1500 250000 Cons3 1 50 Cons4 1 20 LHS RHS Cons1 3000 3000 Cons2 130000 250000 Cons3 100 50 Cons4 20 20 Excel output: Microsoft Excel 12.0 Answer Report Worksheet: [KHA 49323.xlsx]Sheet1 Report Created: 1/20/2015 2:55:47 PM Target Cell (Max) Cell Name Original Value Final Value $E$7 Z X1 0 104000 Adjustable Cells Cell Name Original Value Final Value $E$6 Solutions X1 0 100 $F$6 Solutions X2 0 20 Constraints Cell Name Cell Value Formula Status Slack $E$17 Cons1 LHS 3000 $E$17=$F$17 Binding 0 $E$18 Cons2 LHS 130000 $E$18=$F$18 Not Binding 120000 $E$19 Cons3 LHS 100 $E$19=$F$19 Not Binding 50 $E$20 Cons4 LHS 20 $E$20=$F$20 Binding 0 From this above solution, it can be said that maximum number of bicycle is 100 units and maximum number of scooters is 20 units. Here, the profit for the next month will be $104000. 2. Difference between Big Data and Big Data Analytics Big data is different from big data analytics. The three major aspects of difference are discussed below: Volume: The analysts firm, International Data Corp (IDC), has undertaken a research and indicated that the amount of digital data is growing across the globe and it is expected to be 40,000 Exabyte by 2020. On the other hand, big data analytics is the procedure of scrutinizing huge data set containing different type of data or big data. Hence, the volume of big data analytics is not growing in the same manner as big data. Big data analytics is consisted of some tools which are important for extracting the relevant information (Sathi, 2012). Velocity: The speed of data is considered to be more important than its volume. It is impossible to deal with the big data in a specific period of time. It will be very difficult and a slow activity to access the big data for specific purpose. The raw data is not useful to the consumers. On the other hand big data analytics have made enables the organization to access real time and non-real time information for making decision in a quicker method. It also helps in implementation of the moves in a faster way in comparison to its competitors (Baesens, 2014). Variety: It has been found that big data comes in different forms. For example, if someone posts a photograph on face book or sends via e-mail, tweeter or using other social media networks, it will generate data. Different forms of data are available in an unstructured manner. On the other hand, data analytics is analyzing the data and uses some specific elements of computing such as memory, storage, bandwidth etc (Baesens, 2014). Real example of application of big data The researchers of MIT Media Lab had used the location data from the cell phones and they had successfully determined number of people in the parking lot of Macy on Black Friday. Additionally, the initiation of Christmas shopping in US was forecasted by using big data (Arellano, 2015). 3. In the present situation the companies requires the workers to perform faster and more productively and achievement of that goal is possible with the introduction of the collaborative technologies in addressing the collaborative behaviors of the employees. The use of the collaborative technologies not only gives the employees an opportunity to discuss their work but also creates new ways for employees to deliver a particular job. The following are some of the advantages of implementing collaborative technology (Ding, Yu and Sun, 2012) . Initiates new process of performing jobs The organizations by embedding the collaborative technologies into the daily work schedule can effectively make it a natural and acceptable part of the job. For instance by sharing ideas via online platforms like Face book, Twitter and Myblogs, employees at CEMEX were able to reduce the CO2 measures by 1.8 million metric tons per year. Similarly the engineers at GE aviations were able to solve problems in short span of time by sharing documents (Ding, Yu and Sun, 2012). Guidance about process performance Ding, Yu and Sun (2012) opined that the collaborative technologies can also provide guidance about the best ways in which a particular process may be performed in order to increase the quality and th productivity of the process. For instance the Social workflow platforms can provide standardized group work plans with detailed tasks, and instructions. The group members gets the opportunity to use this platform as a source of sharing updates, submit reports, review check lists and approvals.Tan, (2012) opined that the sharing of the ideas and documents helps the group members to ask for any kind of support or help. Shaping of the collaborative behavior The collaborative technologies aim in shaping, encouraging and motivating of desired collaborative behaviors within the organization. The organizations in this respect have introduced various incentives like collaborative participation game and social network using reward. The companies in order to encourage the act of collaboration introduced rewards and corporate recognitions for the employees Employee talent management An effective collaboration technology supports the present work capabilities of the employees as well as creates opportunities for future working opportunities (Tan, 2012). Majority of the companies are adopting new operating models in which the organization will have to deal with vendors, outsourcers, partners, suppliers and customers hence implementing a collaborative technology will help in organizing all the related stakeholders. Timely completion of projects The projects are completed before the schedule because of the use of project collaborative management software. The organizations are able to collaboratively employ all the necessary groups and team members with the help of collaborative software like Wrike and on stream meetings. This software enables around 100 participants to enter into virtual digital meetings at the same time (Ding, Yu and Sun, 2012). The face to face interaction of the team members helps in ascertaining the loopholes of the project and also helps to judge the feasibility of the project. Hence the companies suffer no financial loss due to delay of projects. The opinions of the different team embers of different sectors are also prioritized (Tan, 2012). Some of the major and most popular collaborative software used in small as well as large organizations are namely LiquidPlanner, Wrike, Confluence, On stream meetings, XaitPorter,Webex meeting centre, Proof hub etc. Among them Wrike is a collaborative software that provides a virtual real time work space where different teams of an organization can collaborate in order to complete a project successfully with quality. The organizations feel it as user friendly software because the collaboration is easy and the group members of different groups are able to get a clear view of the progress of the organization. Moreover the process of open communication between the group members helps the organization to manage the project completion schedule and also the resources effectively. The real time decision making increases the pace of the project. Organizations like PayPal, Google, Hootsuite, Ecco, Adobe, HTC and EMC prefer using this software for the purpose of critical project completion. Tan (2012) opined that the collaboration of the teams like the sales team, marketing, communication, product and Human resource make the decisions faster for the organization and also helps in completion of the project without any flaw. The avoidance in the delay of the project schedule also makes the project financially feasible for the organizations. References Arellano, N. (2015).3 key differences between big data and analytics. [online] IT World Canada. Baesens, B. (2014).Analytics in a big data world. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Ding, B., Yu, X. and Sun, L. (2012). A Cloud-Based Collaborative Manufacturing Resource Sharing Services.Information Technology J., 11(9), pp.1258-1264. Sathi, A. (2012).Big data analytics. Boise: MC Press. Tan, X. (2012). A Contextual Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Technology.Intelligent Information Management, 04(03), pp.85-88.

Advantages and disadvantages of Web

Introduction The ArcGIS Server technology is an important innovation, which has enhanced geographical activities. ArcGIS server technology offers a suitable platform for delivery or sharing of GIS resources to users in different locations. Resources like maps can be efficiently delivered to a wider community by using this technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and disadvantages of Web-based electronic maps specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Users can access and view the maps either using the internet or ArcGIS Desktop. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Web-based electronic maps delivered to end users using ArcGIS server technology. Electronic maps shared using ArcGIS are advantageous in the sense that they can be shared across an enterprise through the web. The issue of convenience is greatly enhanced by ArcGIS technology, thus making the end users to access or receive the maps at their own convenience. The maps are centrally managed and offer users with up-to-date information. From another perspective, web-based maps delivered using ArcGIS supports multiple users. This is because a common platform is used, where the maps can be accessed by different users simultaneously. Maps delivered through ArcGIS are beneficial in the sense that the user is able to gain access to the GIS functionality. The user is able to interact with the map, like finding the closest restaurant, school, hospital, or bank (Esri.com 1). Fig 1. Web based electronic maps Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More (Esri.com 1). ArcGIS server technologies enable Virtualization in delivery of web-based maps. This reduces costs of ownership, thus making the maps relatively cheaper. The technology facilitates faster application delivery of the maps. The availability of the maps is higher since they are sh ared under a common platform where users have access. It should be noted that the maps have inexpensive disaster recovery options, since the security levels of the storage is high. The issue of quality cannot be underestimated, whereby web-based maps delivered through ArcGIS have of higher quality. Finer details can easily be seen in the maps thus making them more relevant to users. The level of flexibility in using the maps is high, whereby new machines can be added for more clients as well as change of system configurations to adapt to new demands. The maps can easily be customized and are robust in regards to data loss or system crash (Taylor 6). Fig 2. Web based electronic maps (Esri.com 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and disadvantages of Web-based electronic maps specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the contrary, Web-based electronic maps delivered through ArcGIS are sophisticated and not us er friendly. People who are computer and internet illiterate may face challenges in using the maps. With the rising cyber crimes and terrorism, the maps are not secure and can be easily vandalized. This is because they are easily available on the internet, thus unauthorized users may interfere with them (Esri 7). Fig 3. Web based electronic maps (Esri.com 1). Conclusion ArcGIS server technology is a great revolution in the geographic field, which has facilitated the delivery and access of web-based electronic maps to a wider community. These maps are easily accessible from different locations, hence boosting convenience. The issues of quality, customization, Virtualization, multiple users, central management and provision of up-to-date information are possible with ArcGIS. Nevertheless, the maps are sophisticated due to the ArcGIS platform used thus making them challenging to different users. The maps should hereby be embraced for their far reaching advantages. Works Cited Esri 201 0, ArcGISÂ ® Server and Virtualization. PDF File. 24 Oct 2012. https://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/arcgis-server-virtualization.pdfAdvertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Esri.com. 2012, ArcGIS Server Help. Web. http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisserver/9.2/dotNet/ Taylor, Amanda 2012, ArcGIS Server: A Complete and Integrated Server GIS. PDF File. 24 Oct 2012. https://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis-server.pdf This essay on Advantages and disadvantages of Web-based electronic maps was written and submitted by user Isaac Vincent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Underbelly vs Chopper Connected Text Essay Example

Underbelly vs Chopper Connected Text Essay Example Underbelly vs Chopper Connected Text Paper Underbelly vs Chopper Connected Text Paper The two types of texts I am comparing are two different types of the underworld in Melbourne Australia. They explain the depth of crimes they committed and the gangs they were in. The novel I am using is Chopper Reads novel. In this he talked about his upbringing and joining the underworld as early as 15. The Movie I am comparing the novel to is Underbelly, written by Peter Gawler and directed by Tony Tilse. Under belly is about to rival gangs competing for complete control for the underworld. In both the texts all the characters were free to make any decisions they wanted, but most of them would affect they lives greatly. In the novel Chopper read explains that almost when he was born his parents thought he was mentally insane. At the age of 7 he was taken to a mental hospital for treatments. But none worked. He got involved with the Melbourne underworld at the age of 15. The Melbourne gangland wars start the night the gangster Alphonse Gangitano, The Black Prince of Lygon Street, and one of the legendary Carlton Crew gang, murders a low-life crim named Greg Workman at a St Kilda party for the sheer hell of it. The charming gangster Alphonse gets away with the murder by convincing two witnesses not to testify but the killing sets the tone for the mayhem that will follow, and sets Alphonse himself on a path to self-destruction. When Mark Copper Read did a crime it did not care if he got caught. He would just be happy that he accomplished what he wanted to do. He once saw a girl getting doing dirty deeds for a drug dealer for some cocaine. Chopper told her to go home and never come back to the city and everything will be alright. The next week he got 5 years for giving the drug dealers feet third degree burns. This is the opposite for the people in Underbelly. They only committed a crime if they were sure that they wont get caught. A lot of the time they just got hit men just to do there dirty work. I liked the concept of the Melbourne underworld from Mark Chopper Read then from underbelly because Mark Chopper Reads novel was pure facts unlike underbelly which was nothing like the underbelly novels. The TV series was just made to entertain. Even though both texts talk about the Melbourne underground, Underbelly is like the kids version of the Melbourne underworld. While they were setting up hit mans to kill there enemy Chopper was some bars cellar burning some drug dealers feet. Over all I think the Chopper Novel takes the prize of best text for the sole fact that he is talking from experience while underbelly is being directed for a big audience. Chopper just wrote the novels to past boredom in jail I couldn’t even spell and now I am international bestseller. Even though the underbelly TV series entertains me greatly, I know that half of it is lies just to get money†¦

The Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s.Whom did the U.S Support what Role did Essay

The Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s.Whom did the U.S Support what Role did They Play - Essay Example As a result, many of the people living along the channel were Arabs, not Persians. Sadaam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, claimed that this area should be a part of his country because of the historical connection to Iraq and the ethnic identity of the inhabitants. Iran saw right through this and accused Iraq of trying to control the shipping lanes. Iraq began to charge tolls on ships coming out of the channel, but the Iranian’s would not comply (Willett, 2004). Iraq invaded and tried to take over the land on either side of the river. This was one economic reason for the war. The second economic reason Iraq started the war was to try to get at Iran’s oil reserves. They realized that if they could control this much oil, they would become the most powerful and important Arab state along the Persian Gulf. They would be a rival to the powerful Saudi’s to their south and would be able to easily trade with Russia and India to the east. Iraq wanted to get their hands on Ir anian oil. This was the second economic reason for the war. One ideological reason the war started came from the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979. Iran is a country dominated by Shiite followers of Islam. In many countries, including Iraq, Shiites are considered to be second-class citizens. They only make-up about 10% of Muslims worldwide, so they are often a persecuted minority. In Iraq and Iran, Shiites are actually a majority. The Iraqi government suppressed the majority Shiites. The Islamic Revolution in Iran started to encourage Shiites in Iraq to rise-up against the government (Arjomand, 1989). This revolution said that it was up to Shiite believers to rise up and take power so Islam could be taken to all the world. The Iraqi’s did not like this, so they started to protest against the Iranians to the League of Arab States. Nothing was resolved. The ideology of Islamic Revolution was a major factor in the start of the Iran-Iraq War. Another ideological reason that led to the Iran-Iraq War was the capture of the islands of Abu Musa, Greater and Lesser Tumb (Amirahmadi, 1996). Persian and Arab forces had disputed these islands for many years. The Iranians took them from the newly formed United Arab Emirates in 1971. Arabs in the Persian Gulf region regarded this as a modern version of Persian aggression. Iran had stated in the past their ideological desire to restore the borders of the old Persian Empire. Iraq started a war with Iran in response to this ideology. The United States had an important role in this conflict for both Iran and Iraq. Before the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the leader of Iran bought lots of weapons such as tanks, artillery and fighter jets from the United States. During the revolution, American citizens were held hostage in the American embassy in Tehran. This event caused the United States to cut off all trade ties with the Iranians. The United States refused to supply the Iranians with machinery and replacement parts for t heir equipment during the war. As a result, the Iranian army was weakened until they could figure-out a way to buy weapons from other countries. They eventually turned to Russia for much of their weapons. The United States was more directly involved in supplying the Iranians with weapons (El, Azhary, 1984). Iraq had grown wealthy from oil revenue. They decided to spend lots of money on jets, tanks and bombers. The United Stat

Long-Term Investment Decisions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Long-Term Investment Decisions - Assignment Example The level of government intervention is high in an oligopolistic market environment and this situation would prevent potential mergers in the entertainment industry from absorbing smaller corporations. This paper will discuss whether government regulation is needed in this industry and analyze certain potential threats to the expansion of industry through capital projects. Significance of Government Regulation Based on a comprehensive analysis, it can be said that government regulation is essential in a market economy, particularly an oligopolistic market structure like entertainment industry. Achievement of social efficiency and equity are the major reasons for government involvement in a market economy. Social efficiency can be attained at a point where the marginal benefits of either production or consumption to society are equal to marginal costs of production or consumption. In addition, social equality is less likely to be promoted in a market environment where government inter vention is insignificant. As Hyman (2007, p. 67) points out, government involvement in a market economy is particularly vital to prevent the creation of monopoly power, which in turn will result in an output level below the socially efficient level. This practice is also necessary to provide the public with proper information and to enhance market certainty. Probably, lack of certainty would persuade people to produce or consume at a level less than they would choose otherwise. Free market environments seem to respond sluggishly to demand and supply fluctuations and this time lag in response can result in permanent disequilibrium state and cause instability problems. Timely government regulation in a market economy is also crucial to promote adequate provision of dependents and adequate output of merit goods. Evidently, tools like taxes and subsidies are specifically important to address market distortions effectively. To illustrate, imposing tax rates equal to marginal external cos ts and granting subsidy rates equal to marginal external benefits are some potential strategies to resolve externalities. In short, effective government regulation is inevitable to prevent the imposition of external costs and to enhance customer protection. Rationale for Government Intervention in US Currently, the entertainment industry’s long-term expansion plans through mergers are challenged by Federal government regulations. There are various reasons for the intervention of government in the market process in the US. As discussed already, today entertainment industry is an oligopolistic market, which is dominated by four main players. Evidently, the planned mergers would turn the entertainment industry into monopoly and this situation in turn would negatively affect the interests of the society. Under a monopolistic market structure, there is no market competition and therefore the ‘market ruler’ is free to charge any price regardless of consumer interests. In other words, customers do not have any option other than buying the products at the rates fixed by the company. In this situation, the organization may find it profitable to produce inferior or substandard goods because customers are compelled to purchase those items without a second thought. Hence, it can be claimed that creation of a monopolistic market structure would lead to consumer exploitation and this practice may cause customer dissatisfaction. Price discrimination is another negative impact of

Importance of Youth Sports | Essay

Importance of Youth Sports | Essay Sports as an activity can be traced back to the earliest existence of human beings, for as long as they have been active and sportive. It is a great way for people to master the benefits of nature and their surrounding or environment for that matter. By studying the history of sports, we can learn about the social changes that man has gone through in the past as well as the transformations that sports in itself has undergone. These changes are mostly evidenced in the changes of the rules that govern the various sporting activities as well as in the manner in which they are played. It involves the development and exercise of natural human talents and skills as opposed to exercising them for their importance. Sports has mainly been a preserve of those in their youth as that is the point at which one still has the strength, agility, mindset and the motivation to be actively involved in it. In most sporting activities, one is said to be at their prime in their youth. Sports can be broadly categorized as either team sports or individual sports. Team sports include soccer, basketball, netball, hockey, baseball, volleyball among others. Individual sports include games like badminton, tennis, squash, table tennis, darts, scrabble, and chess among others. The other classification of sporting activities can be physical or non-physical. The physical sports are those that require movement of the body muscles for which fitness is of the essence. Majority of sports fall in this category. Non-physical sports include board games like chess, draft, scrabble among others; these are mostly played in the mind but nevertheless are still sports. All over the world, sporting activities have provided great entertainment for audiences. The 2006 FIFA football world cup in Germany alone had a cumulative television audience of 26.29 billion in-home and 2.1 billion out –of-home viewers (fifa.com). Football is not in this category alone, sports like basketball, baseball and other mainstream sports have been known to have a lot of their tournaments declared sold out due to over subscription by fans intent on going to watch their favorite players thrash their opponents. The entertainment provided by these sporting activities ensures people spend their free time progressively instead of wasting it on activities that will in the end not add any value to their lives. Sports among the youth is a key factor that has been noted to promote prosocial characteristic traits among individuals. According to Bar-Tal, (1976) and Bierhoff, (2002), prosocial are positive forms of social behavior that are not motivated by personal obligations, rather they are voluntary and they have positive results. These include; cooperation, sharing, respect, altruism and many others (Larrieu Mussen, 1986). Sports among the youth is therefore a very important tool through which individuals, especially the antisocial ones can hone their social skills through interaction with their team mates as well as the opposing players. Through this interaction, ones communication skills are also enhanced and developed and these are acquisitions that will benefit the individual later on in life. Obesity has reached worrying proportions and this is a particular concern to health experts especially since this is caused by an increased rate of inactivity among the youth (National Institute of Health, n.d.; World Health Organization, 2000). According to Storm Jenkins, (2002), the childhood obesity rates which currently stand at approximately 15% are an increase of over 40% through the past 40 years. Childhood obesity is not only a cause of health problems at the present in the form of Type II diabetes but due to its relation to adult obesity, these individuals are likely to become struggling adults with obesity if they do not change their sedentary lifestyles. By engaging in sports activities especially for the purposes of having fun, these children will not only enjoy themselves but they will also have the added advantage of working their way to a better lifestyle that will improve their health. Youths who engage in sporting activities are encouraged to learn good sportsmanship qualities and by learning these they also get to familiarize with the five Cs of positive youth development. These five Cs are; competence, confidence, connection, compassion caring, and character. These are important life tools and skills that any growing and developing youth need in order to be able to relate with his juniors, peers as well as seniors well. They enable the individual to grow into a respectable adult capable of making wise decisions that will positively influence not only himself but also those around him. Through sports, one acquires the confidence to tackle the obstacles that life throws at him having become accustomed to challenges from various types of opponents. Sports among the youth are a good way of passing free time. According to health organizations, there is a growing trend of moral decadence among the youth which is leading to very promising lives being wasted due to drugs. Most of these drug activities are carried out due to individuals having a lot of idle time in which they do not participate in any physical activities, as a result, they resort to destructive drug habits. Case studies have shown that most of the youth who engage in sporting activities have a much lower likelihood to engage in drug activities as it interferes with their performance on the fields and at the same time, especially for those interested in pursuing sports as careers, it us likely to cut short their dreams. Sports therefore acts as a deterrent from drugs. Careers have been developed through sports. In the early 90s, one of the most popular individuals all over the world was Michael Jordan, and it was not because of his ever shining bald head. Jordan possessed dribbling skills that mad non-sports enthusiasts feel like they should get off their couches and go â€Å"shoot some hoops†. Basketball was Michael Jordans career, and he enjoyed it because later in an interview, he calmly stated that he was having fun since he was getting paid to do his hobby. Currently there are millions of athletes who have turned into millionaires simply by engaging in activities that they once considered hobbies. They are earning even more than some of the employees on Wall Street. Sports can therefore end up providing the youth with a way of fending for themselves in this world where white collar jobs have become scarce and the manual jobs are being constantly replaced by technology. Careers can therefore be created through sports. Sports does not only create employment opportunities for the participants, off the field, there are team managers, tacticians, fitness experts, dietary advisors and a whole lot of other experts who benefit from the youths involvement in sports. Jobs are created for grounds men who have to ensure football pitches have been watered to the required standards, the referees, umpires and other officials whose duty it is to ensure that the rules and regulations governing the various games are followed, and to ensure that order is maintained. Psychologists are also at hand to provide in depth analysis of the reasons why various actions are taken by various individuals. Medical practitioners make killings by bringing in products, albeit illegal, that can help athletes to improve their performances in their various sports. These are just a few of the beneficiaries of youth engaging in sports, but it is therefore true to say youth and sports are employers to very many individuals all over the w orld. Some individuals, especially the introverts have problems associating with people, they would rather stay within their shells and remain alone. When these people engage in sports, they may end up being so excellent in them and that would provide them with a sort of an identity which they can be proud of. These individuals will have a common ground with which they can socialize and that helps them open up to the rest. It is not unusual to find people for whom when they have problems, they run, not to their families first, but to their teammates. They get a sense of belonging there and that makes sports a big player in fostering relations and creating environments in which people can socialize. This is also true for people who may not have anything in common, except love for a particular team or sports and they form friendship since they meet at the venue of the game on regular basis. Many life long friendships have been formed in football stands. Having the youth participate in sports provides them with the necessary experiences that they can apply to great benefit later in life. In sports, one comes face to face with the realities of life that includes success and victory, shame, failure and defeat. Disappointments are common and these are important things that one has to get used to. Life is not a one way street to success and these experiences provide one with the foundation on which to base future decisions. One learns important lessons like how to react to failure and how to survive without giving up in the face of adversity, how to celebrate victories without making opponents feel like they are worthless, how to hang on and give your best to your team even though they may not be having a great day, and how to console teammates after losing an emotional game. These and others make people bond together into a tight knit unit that appreciates every individuals strengths and weaknesses. Sports makes people to appreciate the fact that not all humans are perfect and people make errors, the important thing is how to put those errors in the pat and move on without getting scarred for life, and those are lessons learnt from sports. Sports therefore touch the lives of people, spectators and players alike and create bonds among them that are impenetrable even in difficult times. It is common to see players cry when a teammate gets injured or is no longer going to continue playing with them, the outside world may know the players strengths on the field, but it is the teammates who train daily with him who know his contribution both on and off the field. Playing in sports involves taking risks and being able to live with the consequences. One will have to make certain decisions without knowing how the opponent will react, but he shall go forward nevertheless with the decision and hope the opponent swallows his bait. This makes individuals better prepared for the situations that they will be involved in later on in life that may require them to make decisions without being aware of the consequences. Athletes are also usually under the advice of their coaches and managers who have a say in the decisions they make. Sports therefore makes individuals obey authority and this moulds them into responsible adults who have fear and respect to authority. This makes the society a better place to live in as people are surrounded by individuals who are not self serving, but care how the outcome of their actions will impact on the society around them. When engaging in sports that are physical in nature, an individual has to be in shape and physical fitness will be a quality that will determine winners and losers. The fitness expectations will make an individual to live a healthy lifestyle, eating healthy foods, doing physical activities that will better make them able to compete well. Sport s therefore encourages healthy lifestyles among the youth and leads to the development of a better society of healthy people. Games also need individuals to analyze their opponents and develop tactics with which to beat them having discovered their weaknesses. At the same time one will know how to use their strength to their advantage and how to use it to cover their weaknesses. Therefore individuals will learn how to strategize and overpower opponents, skills that are necessary for survival not only in the competition but in the world as well. Sports is a great way of bringing people together and spreading the messages of goodwill. The world is currently faced with a situation where no single race is social or dominant in a given sport, many other individuals are coming up to challenge the status quo and this may not go right with certain individuals who are of the opinion that their races are superior. Therefore sports is increasingly being used as a way of encouraging people to live and associate together in harmony and to shun evils such as racism. Sports is also being used to pass messages of peace among humans. These make it important among the youth as it makes them understand the issues that are unfolding before them in a language they can relate to. Among the youth, sports is also being used as a tool for reaching out to the less fortunate. It is very common to hear of tournaments organized to raise funds towards certain causes like helping victims of hurricane disasters, tsunamis among others. Sports therefore acts as a way in which the youth can use what they have in the form of their talents to give back to the society that has helped mould them into who they are. Very many children are growing up and are in need of role models to give them something to look forward to. Outstanding sports personalities are usually great role models for such children in that from most of them come stories of winning a struggle. Most successful athletes either came from very humble backgrounds or had to struggle in the face of adversity in order to make it to where they are. There are also others who may not have had it so rough in the beginning, but still had to go through experiences in their lives which would have made them give up their dreams. Instead they took the bull by the horn and confronted their fears and are today great in whatever they do, providing an inspiration to the billions in need of it in the world. Sports thus provide the role models to give the motivation for others to pursue their dreams and ambitions. References Bierhoff, H.W. (2002). Prosocial behavior. New York: Taylor Francis. Bar-Tal, D. (1976). Prosociabehavior: Theory and research. Washington, D.C.: Hemsphere. Larrieu, J., Mussen, P. (1986). Some personality and motivational correlates of childrens prosocial behavior. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147(4), 529-542. World Health Organization. (2000). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: Author. About Fifa; TV Data. Retrieved on 10th October 2009 From http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/marketing/factsfigures/tvdata.html Storm, H., Jenkins, M. (2002). Go girl: Raising healthy, confident, and successful girls through sports. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks. Mary Sara Wells, Skye G. Arthur-Banning, Karen P. Paisley, Gary D. Ellis, Mark F. Roark and Sara Fisher Journal of Park and Recreation Administration Spring 2008 Volume 26, Number 1 pp. 1-21; Good (Youth) Sports: Using Benefits-Based Programming to Increase Sportsmanship Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1996). Physical activity and health: A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Perkins, D. F., Jacobs, J. E., Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S. (2004). Childhood and adolescent sports participation as predictors of participation in sports and physical fitness activities during young adulthood. Youth and Society, 35(4), 495–520. Escobedo, Stryer, B. K., Tofler, I. R., Lapchick, R. (1998). A developmental overview of child and youth sports in society. Sports Psychiatry, 7, 697–711. Smith, R.E., SmoU, F.L. (1996). Way to go, Coach!: A scientifically validated approach to, coaching effectimness. Portola Valley, CA: Warde Publishers. Smoll, F.L., : Smith, R.E. (1989). Leadership behaviors in sport: A conceptual model and Research paradigm. Journal of Applied Sodal Psychology, 19, 1522-1551. SmoU, F.L., Smith, R.E. (Eds.). (1996). Children and youth in sport: A biopsychosocini perspective. Dubuque, lA: McGraw-Hill

Educational Literacy in the Context of Environmental Ethics Essay

Educational Literacy in the Context of Environmental Ethics ABSTRACT: I explore the concept of literacy and the role it might play in environmental ethics. One of the goals of environmental ethics is to describe and contribute to the creation of an ecologically responsible culture. The creation of such a culture requires the development of knowledge and abilities that will help sustain such a culture. Since education is one of the key institutions for instilling values and world views, it is important for environmental philosophers to think about the institutionalization of environmental theories in terms of their implications for the environmentally literate person. I argue that attention to literacy is significant for two reasons. First, it provides one way of evaluating the differences between competing environmental philosophies. Second, it raises the important question of what kind of person is required to carry out a particular vision of environmental responsibility. By addressing the issue of education and literacy, philosophers intere sted in environmental ethics can help create a vision of citizens who have democratically internalized and integrated environmental values and priorities rather than having them imposed from above. Environmental ethics presents us with a plurality of different theoretical positions, from sophisticated forms of anthropocentrism to competing views of ecofeminism and social ecology to various versions of biocentrism. The ethical discussions these positions have prompted reveal how difficult it is to extend or revise existing moral traditions in a manner that appears both plausible and socially legitimate to mainstream audiences. Traditional human-centered world views have a strong hold o... ...rz, Ecology as Politics (Boston: South End Press, 1980), p. 17. (2) Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, with Essays from Round River, A Sierra Club/Ballantine Book (Oxford University Press, 1966), p. 246. (3) Lawrence Blum, "Moral Perception and Particularity" in Moral Perception and Particularity (Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 30-56. (4) cf. Justus Buchler, Nature and Judgment (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1955); and Toward a General Theory of Human Judgment, 2nd ed. (New York: Dover Publications, 1951). (5) Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, translated by Myra Bergman Ramus (New York: Continuum, 1983), pp. 27-56. (6) Holmes Rolston III, "Environmental Values in and Duties to the Natural World" in Ecology, Economics, Ethics: The Broken Circle, eds. Herbert Bormann and Stephen Kellert (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), pp. 82-96.

Language Learning Strategy Use And Academic Achievement Education Essay

Research on linguistic communication larning schemes began in the sixtiess. It was infl uenced by the development of cognitive psychological science. Until the debut of cognitive psychological science, anterior research on 2nd linguistic communication acquisition and instruction focused chiefly on methods of learning, alternatively of on scholar features and the procedure of geting a 2nd linguistic communication ( Wenden, 1987 ) .With the coming of cognitive theories research in 2nd linguistic communication instruction has bit by bit shifted toward the scholar or scholar centered attacks in an effort to heighten scholar ‘s liberty and independency. In this manner, â€Å" independent scholars assume duty for finding the intent, content, beat and method of their acquisition, supervising its advancement and measuring its results † ( Holec, 1981, p.3 ) . This has resulted in a turning involvement in research in linguistic communication acquisition schemes ( LLS ) which are b elieved to â€Å" lend to the development of the linguistic communication system which the scholar concepts and impact larning straight † ( Rubin, 1987, p. 22 ) . Research in this field has gained prominence since the mid-1970s by the seminal surveies of Rubin ( 1975 ) and Stern ( 1975 ) . They attempted to research the schemes employed by good linguistic communication scholars and how the instructors can use these schemes to assist the less successful scholars to better their public presentation. Since so, copiousness of surveies have been conducted in the country of LLSs to research the important function linguistic communication larning schemes play a in L2/FL acquisition ( Abraham & A ; Vann, 1987, O'Malley & A ; Chamot, 1990 ; Oxford et al. , 1989,1993, 1995 ; among others )Definition of larning schemesLearning schemes have been defined in a assortment of ways. Wenden and Rubin ( 1987 ) specify them as â€Å" any sets of operations, stairss, programs, modus operandis us ed by the scholar to ease the obtaining, storage, retrieval, and usage of information † ( p.19 ) . In their influential survey, O'Malley and Chamot ( 1990 ) defined LLS as â€Å" the particular ideas or behaviors that persons use to assist them grok, larn, or retain new information † ( p. 1 ) . Oxford ( 1992,1993 ) illustrates LLS as â€Å" specific actions, behaviors, stairss, or techniques that pupils ( frequently deliberately ) usage to better their advancement in developing L2 accomplishments. These schemes can ease the internalisation, storage, retrieval, or usage of the new linguistic communication. Schemes are tools for the autonomous engagement necessary for developing communicative ability † ( p. 18 ) . Finally, Cohen ( 1998 ) defined larning schemes as â€Å" the stairss or actions consciously selected by scholars to better the acquisition of a 2nd linguistic communication, the usage of it, or both † ( p. 5 ) .Features of LLSAmong the assorted fe atures emerged in the LLS literature, Oxford identifies twelve of import characteristics of strategies.According to Oxford acquisition schemes contribute to the chief end, communicative competency allow scholars to go self directed spread out the function of instructors are job oriented are specific actions taken by the scholar involve many actions taken by the scholar, non merely cognitive support larning both straight and indirectly are non ever discernible are frequently witting are flexible are influenced by a assortment of factors ( p.9 ) Lessard-Clouston ( 1997 ) besides summarizes basic characteristics of LLS.First LLS are generated by the scholar and s/he bit by bit takes these stairss in the procedure of linguistic communication acquisition. Second, linguistic communication acquisition is enhanced by the usage of LLS which help develop linguistic communication competency, as reflected in the scholar ‘s accomplishments in hearing, speech production, reading, or composing the L2 or FL. Third, LLS may be seeable ( behaviors, stairss, techniques, etc. ) or unobserved ( ideas, mental procedures ) . Fourth, LLS involve information and memory ( vocabulary cognition, grammar regulations, etc. ) .Taxonomy of LLSsAs noted above, early categorizations of LLSs merely provided a list of schemes based on the good scholars ‘ public presentation ( Rubin, 1975 ; Stern, 1973 ) . However, more recent taxonomies categorize schemes either harmonizing to their direct/indirect part to linguistic communication acquisition ( R ubin, 1987 ) , or the degree and type of information processed by linguistic communication scholars when they apply such schemes ( O'Malley et al. , 1985a ; O'Malley and Chamot, 1990 ) . Based on anterior survey consequences, Oxford ( 1990 ) devised a linguistic communication larning scheme system ( See Table 1 ) , known as Strategy Inventory for Language Learning ( SILL ) , in which she classifies LLS into two major groups of direct ( including memory, cognitive, compensation ) and indirect ( metacognitive, affectional, societal ) schemes. Direct schemes are defined as those that are involved in witting mental procedures, whereas indirect schemes are non consciously applied but are indispensable to linguistic communication learning.Each class is so divided into six subcategories, which harmonizing to Oxford, are interrelated and back up each other.Table 1 Oxford ‘s Language Learning Strategy System ( Oxford, 1990, p. 17 )Type Primary Schemes Secondary Schemes Direct Schemes 1. Memory schemes Aid scholars store and recover new information A. Creating mental linkages B. Applying images and sounds C. Reviewing good D. Employing action 2. Cognitive schemes Applied by scholars to better understand and bring forth the mark linguistic communication A. Practicing B. Receiving and directing messages C. Analyzing and concluding D. Creating construction for input and end product 3. Compensation schemes Used for get the better ofing lacks in cognition of the mark linguistic communication A. Thinking intelligently B. Overcoming restrictions in speech production and composing Indirect Schemes 1. Metacognitive schemes Allow scholars to command their ain knowledge A. Centering your acquisition B. Arranging and be aftering your acquisition C. Evaluating your acquisition 2. Affectional schemes Refer to the methods that help scholars to modulate emotions, motive, and attitudes A. Lowering your anxiousness B. Promoting yourself C. Taking your emotional temperature 3. Social schemes Include interaction with others through the mark linguistic communication A. Asking inquiries B. Collaborating with others C. Empathizing with others Oxford ‘s categorization of larning schemes has been the most comprehensive one to day of the month ( Ellis, 1994 ) . and has been used in a considerable figure of surveies in assorted states.Research on LLSsThe research on LLSs has preponderantly been descriptive since the scholars are required to describe on the schemes they use. In this manner, the research workers are able to look into the effects of scholar features such as gender, age, proficiency degree, larning manners, and affectional factors, like motive, on scheme usage, ( Chamot, 2004 ) . Research indicates that linguistic communication scholars at all degrees use schemes ( Chamot & A ; Kupper, 1989 ) , but that some or most scholars are non to the full cognizant of the schemes they use or the schemes that might be most good to use ( Oxford, 1989 ) . It appears that good linguistic communication scholars orchestrate and combine their usage of peculiar types of schemes in more efficient ways ( Chamot & A ; Kupper, 1989 ; O'Malley and Chamot, 1990 ; Oxford, 1993 ) . Rossi-Le ( 1995 ) found that more adept EFL pupils used self-management schemes such as planning, rating and formal pattern significantly more frequently than less adept pupils. Khaldieh ( 2000 ) studies that higher degrees of linguistic communication proficiency have besides been associated with less anxiousness and more assurance, which denotes the significance of affectional factors act uponing the scholar ‘s public presentation on a undertaking. Surveies have revealed that consciousness of undertaking demands and metacognitive cognition sing scheme choice are major differentiations between successful and unsuccessful scholars ( Abraham & A ; Vann, 1987 ; Khaldieh, 2000 ; O'Malley & A ; Chamot, 1990 ) . Harmonizing to some research findings, cognitive and metac ognitive schemes extremely correlate with high linguistic communication proficiency degrees ( Peacock and Ho, 2003 ) . In some of these surveies, nevertheless, the positive relationship between the figure of schemes used and linguistic communication proficiency is partly supported ( e.g. , Abraham & A ; Vann, 1987 ; Khaldieh, 2000 ) . Other research workers even found that, both successful and unsuccessful scholars actively use a great assortment of schemes, but in different ways. These unsuccessful scholars, nevertheless, normally fail to choose the most appropriate schemes ( Chamot et al. , 1988 ; Chamot & A ; El-Dinary, 1999 ; Vandergrift, 1997 ; Vann & A ; Abraham, 1990 ) . A figure of research surveies interestingly suggest that the appropriate pick of schemes will help scholars to derive more proficiency. This, in bend, likely leads the proficient scholars to the pick of more active schemes ( MacIntre, 1994 ; Green and Oxford, 1995 ) .LLSs and types of scholars ‘ proficiencyA great figure of research surveies have highlighted the relationship between larning schemes and scholars ‘ proficiency in which the consequences show that more adept linguistic communication scholars use a greater assortment larning schemes ( Rahimi et at. , 2008 ; Griffiths, 2003 ; Lee, 2003 ; Anderson, 2005 ; Bruen, 2001 ; Green and Oxford, 1995 ; O'Malley and Chamot, 1990 ; Ehrman, and Oxford, 1989 ) . Research workers have utilized a battalion of ways to find pupils ‘ proficiency in the foreign linguistic communication including standardised trials such as TOEFL ( Arroyo, 2005 ) , pupils ‘ GPAs in English classs ( Shmais, 2003 ; Radwan, 2011 ) , linguistic communication accomplishment trials ( O'Mara & A ; Lett, 1990 ) , linguistic communication class classs and arrangement scrutinies ( Mullin, 1992 ) , instructors ‘ judgements about their pupils ( Magogwe & A ; Oliver, 2007 ) , continuance of survey ( Khalil, 2005 ; Rahimi et Al. 2008 ; Radwan, 2011 ) , and self-ratings ( Oxford & A ; Nyikos, 1989 ) . Due to the demand for more probe on all facets of scholar ‘s proficiency, the current survey enterprises to concentrate on the studtents ‘ GPA tonss, and continuance of English survey, as two steps of English proficiency, with the pupils ‘ study on their pick of LLSs. The findings would uncover the benefits and deficits of such steps and how good they could foretell the scholars ‘ usage of LLSs.Purpose of the surveyThis survey examines the usage of larning schemes reported by Persian English scholars and its relationship to the pupils ‘ academic success determined by their GPA tonss and the old ages of English survey they have completed.Research inquiries1. What are the most frequent acquisition schemes used by the EFL scholars? 2. Be at that place any relationship between the usage of EFL linguistic communication larning schemes in general and the pupils ‘ academic success? 3. Is at that place any relationship between classs of schemes and pupils ‘ academic accomplishment? 4. Is there a important difference between first twelvemonth and 2nd twelvemonth pupils with respect to their perceived scheme usage?MethodSample: The topics take parting in the survey comprise 107 male and female Iranian university pupils analyzing English in a two -year plan to acquire their Associate ‘s grade in Teaching English. They are either first -year or 2nd -year pupils whose age ranges between 19 to 31. Instruments: In order to mensurate scheme usage, Oxford ‘s ( 1990 ) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning ( SILL ) designed for EFL/ESL scholars is used in this survey. The SILL uses a five-point Likert-type graduated table runing from 1 ( â€Å" Never or about ne'er true of me † ) to 5 ( â€Å" Always or about ever true of me † ) . It consists of 50 statements about the schemes used by linguistic communication scholars covering six wide classs of schemes, each represented by a figure of points. 1 ) Memory schemes ( 9items ) 2 ) Cognitive schemes ( 14 points ) 3 ) Compensation schemes ( 6 points ) 4 ) Metacognitive schemes: ( 9 points ) 5 ) Affective schemes ( 6 points ) 6 ) Social schemes ( 6 points ) Dependability for the SILL ( Oxford, 1990 ) is high across many cultural groups with Cronbach ‘s alpha for internal consistence 0.93-0.98 ( Oxford & A ; Burry- Stock, 1995 ) . In this survey, the SILL was presented in Iranian to the participants to guarantee that possible failure to understand the instructions or inquiries would non impact the responses. The research worker used Pishghadam ‘s ( 2008 ) Iranian version of SILL, which yielded a Cronbach alpha value of 0.96. Using the responses from the current participants, the dependability of SILL, as determined by Cronbach ‘s alpha, was 0.93. The pupils ‘ academic success are judged based on their overall GPA mark on academic classs.Data analysis processThe undermentioned processs were carried out on the informations: 1 ) ciphering descriptive statistics ( mean, frequence & A ; standard divergence ) for all classs of SILL 2 ) carry oning correlativity analysis to find the significance of the relationship between scheme usage, and academic success of the pupils, 3 ) Calculating mated sample T- Trial to see whether there is any important difference the between first twelvemonth and 2nd twelvemonth pupils in footings of their sensed scheme usage.The findings of the surveyOverall scheme usageTo reply the first inquiry, descriptive statistics for the full SILL, the six subcategories of SILL, and the person SILL points were calculated. Harmonizing to Oxford ( 1990, p. 300 ) , average tonss that fall between 1.0 and 2.4 are defined as â€Å" low † scheme usage, 2.5 and 3.4 as â€Å" medium † scheme usage, and 3.5 and 5.0 as â€Å" high † scheme usage. The participants reported a medium frequence for the mean scheme usage on the full SILL ( M = 3.49, SD = 0.48 ) every bit good as the six classs of the SILL ( see Table1 ) . Among the six scheme classs, the participants reported utilizing metacognitive schemes most often and affectional and compensation schemes least often. Table 1: Descriptive statistics for Six SILL Categories of all pupils N= 107SILL CategoriesMeanStd. DeviationRankMetacognitive 4.21 .804 1 Social 3.67 .800 2 Cognitive 3.46 .580 3 Memory 3.24 .726 4 Compensation 3.09 .657 5 Affectional 3.08 .571 6 Analyzing the usage of the single scheme points for the full group, it was found that they often apply all the metacognitive schemes to form and measure their acquisition. The points like I think about my advancement in larning SL, I try to happen out how to be a better scholar of SL. , I pay attending when person is talking SL and I look for chances to read every bit much as possible in SL are the most often reported schemes severally. However, the least-used points were those that involved reading and composing in English such as, I write down my feelings in a linguistic communication larning dairy, and I read SL without looking up every new word.Relationship between LLS and GPATo examine for the additive relationship between pupils ‘ overall scheme usage and their GPA, a correlational analysis was performed. The obtained correlativity coefficient ( r = 025 ) demonstrated no important relationship between reported scheme usage and pupils ‘ GPA. Similar consequences were observed for the 3rd research inquiry. In other words, there was no important relationship between SILL classs and pupils ‘ GPA ( See table 2 ) .MemoryCognitiveCompensationMetacognitiveAffectionalSocialPearsonR.047 .629 .025 .306 .076 .306 .097 .320 .070 .476 .088 .365Significance ( 2-tailed )Table 2. Correlation coefficient obtained for all SILL classs The mean mark for more successful pupils ( M= 3.45 ) and less successful pupils ( M=3.51 ) in footings of their obtained GPA in academic classs showed similar forms for their scheme usage with somewhat higher mean for less successful pupils.Difference between old ages of survey and reported scheme usageThe analysis of informations for the sophomore pupils showed a somewhat lower mean mark ( M= 3.42 ) than the first- twelvemonth ( M= 3.51 ) pupils in footings of their sensed scheme usage. As respects the 4th research inquiry, an independent t-test was run to examine any important difference between the old ages of survey completed by the pupils and their reported usage of schemes. The T observed value of.70 ( df.= 104, P= 0.5 ) denotes that there is a no important difference between the two groups. Therefore, the void hypothesis that there is no important difference between the two variables is verified ( Table 3 ) . Table 3. T-test consequences for the first twelvemonth and 2nd twelvemonth pupilsFSig.TdfSig.( 2-tailed )Average DifferenceStd. Error DifferenceEqual discrepancies assumed .043 .836 .700 104 .485 .08169 .11670 Equal discrepancies non assumed .744 68.125 .460 .08169 .10981DiscussionThe findings of the present survey showed that Persian EFL scholars use larning schemes reasonably. They tend to utilize metacognitive schemes more often. This reflects the pupils ‘ efforts to go proficient in the mark linguistic communication. Among the top 10 schemes used by all participants, five belong to the metacognitive schemes. These schemes are necessary for successful linguistic communication acquisition, since they, as indicated by Oxford ( 1990 ) , aid scholars coordinate and heighten their ain acquisition procedure through monitoring and measuring linguistic communication usage, planning, concentrating, forming, and seeking chances to utilize the language.. A figure of other research surveies report the scholars ‘ penchant for metacognitive schemes ( Whorton. 2000 ; Goh & A ; Foong, 1997 ; Hong-Nam & A ; Leavell, 2006 ; Magogwe & A ; Oliver, 2007 ; Rahimi et Al. 2008 ; Pishghadam, 2008 among others ) . The Persian scholars ‘ frequent usa ge of metacognitive schemes may hold been influenced by the learning attack adopted in the Persian EFL schoolrooms ( Rahimi et al, 2008 ) . The analysis of informations demonstrated that the more successful pupils in footings of their GPA were non better scheme users than less successful pupils. Shmais ( 2003 ) besides found no relationship between pupils ‘ GPA and their frequence of scheme usage. It seems that pupils ‘ GPA might be affected by some other factors and in some scenes lacks the explanatory power to foretell LLS usage. Similarly, some surveies ( Green, 1991 ; Phillips, 1991, as cited in Park, 1997 ) have reported a curvilinear relationship between the usage of schemes and the proficiency degrees of the participants ; the low degree proficiency scholars tend to utilize the schemes more often than those in a higher degree. The bulk of these surveies show that the pupils in the mid-proficiency group used the schemes more often than the highand low-proficiency groups. The continuance of survey represented as freshman and sophomore pupils, in this survey, showed no important difference in LLS usage. Normally, it is assumed that an addition in the old ages of survey would ensue in higher proficiency degrees by scholars which would, in bend, lead to an addition in their scheme usage. However, in this context it was revealed that the continuance of survey does non needfully take to scholars ‘ more scheme usage. This determination is in line with some other research surveies ( Rahimi et al. 2008, Radwan, 2011 ) in which first-year pupils reported a higher degree of scheme usage. In other words, it does non follow a additive relationship between scheme usage and continuance of the survey.DecisionThis survey was an effort to look into the relationship between pupils ‘ perceptual experience of LLS usage and their overall proficiency, determined by the university GPA scores. The consequences showed that this relationship is non ever additive an d straightforward. Strategy usage is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by other variables in assorted ways. The context of the survey does hold a important consequence on the pupils ‘ usage of schemes, which may take to contradictory consequences. It has been revealed that Persian scholars employ metacognitive schemes more often than other schemes. The scholars may hold been influenced by the instruction attack practiced in the Persian EFL schoolrooms ( Rahimi et al, 2008 ) such as paying attending, consciously seeking for pattern chances, be aftering for linguistic communication undertakings, self-evaluating one ‘s advancement, and monitoring mistakes. Wharton ‘s ( 2000 ) observation in Singapore besides suggest that the scholars as alone persons and the context of larning play a function in the pick of scholars ‘ schemes. The SILL might non ever be able to account for all the schemes employed by the scholar. On the other manus, there remains the possibility that scholars may describe on the schemes which they do n't really utilize. Research methodological analysis could be enriched by using multiple informations aggregation processs such as interviews and schoolroom observation combined with the usage of SILL questionnaire, to give farther and possibly more trusty findings ( Chun-Lai, 2009 ) . The fact that more successful and less successful pupils, in some manner, follow similar scheme forms denotes that they have non received any formal direction in using LLS. Most of these schemes have likely been learned habitually and unconsciously. Therefore, developing pupils in utilizing larning schemes and promoting them to be cognizant of their ain alone ways of larning would do them independent and efficient scholars. The failing of this survey is the limited figure of variables which have been studied in relation to larning schemes. More research is needed to see other of import societal and affectional variables which could play a function in the pick of LLSs.

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